Every year, De Montfort University in Leicester hosts a TV Scriptwriting Event and this year is no exception.

Taking place on Saturday 20 February 2010, this year’s theme is Comedy Writing and guest speakers include comedian, actress, and writer Miranda Hart (Miranda), Paul Mayhew Archer (co-writer Vicar of Dibley, Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps), Laurence Marks (Birds of a Feather, Goodnight Sweetheart) and radio writer Mark Evans (Bleak Expectations, That Mitchell & Webb Sound).

The day long event consists of keynote speeches along with question and answer panels and tickets cost £65 which includes parking, coffee on arrival, lunch and an evening drinks reception with nibbles.

The event kicks off at 10am and finishes around 5.30pm with the evening networking reception starting straight after (and let’s be honest, usually transferring to the pub across the road after that…)

It’s also a good opportunity to find out more about the MA in TV Scriptwriting at DMU – a completely industry focussed course taught by different visiting professionals each week.  If you want to write for television and you’re considering an MA, I cannot recommend this one highly enough.

Guest lecturers span the entire spectrum of working professionals from writers to script editors to producers to commissioners and even agents looking for new talent to sign up.  Students are mentored by a professional of their choice and past students have spent a year under the wings of giants like Jimmy McGovern, Sally Wainwright, Tony Marchant and Barbara Machin, to name just a few.

It’s not unusual for students to impress visiting industry folk to the point of being offered agency representation, selling an original TV series or being commissioned on shows ranging from Doctors to Shameless.

Some of them have even gained superpowers and formed a shadow empire that secretly controls the world’s top decision-makers.

Ok, that bit’s a lie.  But the rest is all true.

For more information and to book your place at the comedy writing event visit the website.

That’s me just about done and dusted.

A couple of loose ends to tie up and then I’m off to enjoy some last minute Christmas preparations and put my feet up for a few days.

Before I go, I just thought I’d share a few snippets from Adair Lara’s delightful little book, “You Know You’re a Writer When…”  I did this a year or so ago on my old, now departed, blog – but the search term “how do you know you’re a writer?” still brings a surprising number of visitors here, so – for those people, and just for fun, here are some possible answers:

You know you’re a writer when…

…you catch yourself patting your laptop when you close it down.

…you wonder if there’s another word for “thesaurus”.

…there are large containers of writing implements in all your rooms, like bouquets of flowers.

…while working, you’re so distracted that you miss your stop on the bus and have to catch a bus back, only to miss your stop again.

…you’ve stopped using the word “but” after you answer, “yes, I’m a writer”.

…some days it feels as if writing is the only thing that keeps you sane.

…you own more than five pairs of sweatpants.

…the cafe won’t lend you pens anymore.

…you think people who eat alphabet soup are barbarians.

…your work clothes are a ratty bathrobe and duck slippers, and your commute is ten seconds – thirty if you stop at the bathroom.

…everything you write falls short of what is in your head.

…writing is the only thing you do that doesn’t make you feel as if you should be doing something else.

…if they paid you not to write, you’d write anyway.

The Merriest of All Christmases to you and a Happy New Year to boot.

See you on the other side, x

Well, here we are again.  Fast approaching the end of another year.

A time for reflection.

A time for taking stock of past achievements and setting goals for the future.

A time for stuffing yourself up to the eyeballs with satsumas and chocolate pennies and waging war with loved ones over whether abbreviations are allowed in Scrabble (they’re not).

2009 gets a great big thumbs up from me.  It’s been fast, furious and full of changes – all of them impossibly good.  I’ve learnt so much in the last twelve months I’m sure my brain has gone up at least two sizes.

So here, in no particular order, and written down as much for my own benefit as anyone else’s because sometimes they really need drilling in, are Ten Lessons I Learned in 2009:

1. Things happen fast, and then take forever

Once you sell a project, or get commissioned to write a script, or get invited to pitch for an episode of something, there’s a flurry of excited activity where meetings are held, notes are given, drafts are written and rewritten, more meetings are held and then… You wait.  At first you turn into a mayfly – a day feels like a lifetime, a week feels like eternity, a month, well, surely everyone’s forgotten about you and moved on?  Then you learn to do the same.  Get the work done, and move on to the next thing.  It’s the only way to stay sane.

2. Counting chickens is pointless

Projects fall through, circumstances change, slots get filled, shows get cancelled, economies collapse.  The line of people who have the power to say no is very long.  Nothing means anything until there’s a contract, signed in triplicate, and even then there’s a clause that says you can be kicked off at any time.  You have to treat every job like it’s The One and give it your all, but keep your eyes peeled for other opportunities – and keep your feet encased in concrete.

3. There is more to writing a script than just writing the script

Nevermind story, structure, character, dialogue, subtext, pace, tone, and all the rest of that stuff that goes into crafting the perfect script – the list of other things you have to think about is mind-boggling.  Audience, channel, slot, scheduling, budget, legal issues, practical constraints, cast availability, budget, what other writers are doing, what other production companies are doing, what other broadcasters are doing, and – did I mention budget?  The only way to learn about those things is by doing it.  Lots.  And lots.  Until you’ve done that, you don’t know half as much as you think you do.

4. Producers are not at all scary

They are, however, extremely busy.  They have to spin more plates than it seems one person can reasonably cope with and when things don’t go according to plan they get it in the ear from all sides.  Not to mention the fact that when things go right it’s usually everyone else who takes the credit – the writer, the director, the cast.  Poor producers.  I’d urge you try and see things from their point of view, but it’s difficult because if there’s something else I’ve learned about working with producers it’s that they often seem to have a very special way of looking at things.  Give a good producer an idea and they won’t just make it better – they’ll make it BIGGER.  With a good producer, nothing seems impossible – which is why Lessons Two and Three are so important.  It’s a good job they’re all holed up in production offices day and night or they’d probably have taken over the world by now.

5. You never know what will happen tomorrow

It may sometimes seem like nothing is happening and your career is on a go-slow, but things can change overnight.  If you’d told me this time last Christmas what the coming year had in store I’d have laughed in your face. Then slapped you for getting my hopes up. Then had you sectioned for talking like a madman.  But work comes out of the blue, opportunities you thought were long dead suddenly resurface, and new ones drop into your lap when you least expect them.  There’s no way of knowing if or when these things will happen, so you just have to be patient and keep the faith.

6. Keep hustling

Things only happen if you set the wheels turning in the first place.  If you don’t get out there, no-one will find you.  Even if you’ve got an agent, the majority of your work will come from your own efforts.  The more scripts, treatments, outlines, bibles, and proposals you write, and the more people who read them, the better your chances.  Chase every opportunity like it’s your last.  If you’re waiting for decisions or waiting for notes, move on to the next thing.  Stamina, motivation, persistence, perseverance.  It really is the only way.

7. Know your limits

At some point, the tables will turn.  You’ll be offered more work than you can reasonably manage.  If you take on too much, or spread yourself too thin, you won’t do a very good job.  And then you’re just damaging yourself – and your reputation.  After all that hustling, it’s so hard to say no.  You feel like you have to say yes to everything in case you don’t get offered anything else.  But only you know how much you can take on at any one time.  Try not to find out how much that is the hard way.  It’ll be harder than you think.

8. Look after yourself

You can’t call in sick from a deadline.  And even if you’re far enough from production for there to be leeway, heavy workloads put you under huge pressure when you return to work and find that suddenly everything needs doing at once.  Things build up quickly.  Recovering from illness is definitely more difficult when you have to put in eighteen hour days, seven days a week.  There are no temps to cover you like there were at the good old nine to five, you’re on your own.  Eat your five a day.  Wrap up warm.  Look both ways when you cross the street.  And get a good office chair with proper back support.  Seriously.  I really mean it.

9. Back up your work

It doesn’t matter how many times people say it, it cannot be said enough.  BACK. UP. YOUR. WORK.  Properly.  If you haven’t got a system in place, get one.  Then stick to it.  Don’t spill tea on your laptop.  If you can’t be trusted to drink a cup of tea without spilling it, don’t drink it at your desk.  I’d say it’s easily done but I suspect I’m just a cretin.  I have comprehensive “whatever happens” laptop insurance but it still takes two weeks for a replacement.  If you back-up online, make sure your files are accessible from a different computer.  If you’re working in Final Draft and you won’t have access to a second computer that has the right software installed, consider saving your work as an rtf file and emailing it to yourself.  If you’re near a deadline, you’ll need to carry on working no matter what.  And if you’re near a deadline you should be backing up every single day.  Norton 360 comes with an online back-up facility.  You can set it to update any files that have been altered since it last ran and shut the computer down when it’s finished.  Just set it running when you stop work for the day.  If you’re not near a deadline – just imagine losing your entire portfolio of scripts.  Every word you ever wrote.  Gone.  If that doesn’t fill you with enough dread to put aside an afternoon to arrange a proper back-up schedule I don’t know what will.  Oh – and if you must drink tea at your desk, take it strong with no sugar.  It was my saving grace apparently.

10. Other writers are your biggest asset

Of all your friends and family, who I’m sure are as lovely and supportive as mine, the only ones who will truly understand any of this are your writer friends.  They’re the ones who’ll listen to you grumble, who’ll share a consoling pint over a disappointing rejection or a celebratory one over a success.  They know what it’s like to do this for a living, because they’re doing it too.  They’ll give you last minute feedback or words of advice and encouragement – and you’ll do the same for them.  You may not be working on the same projects, and you may spend much of your time sitting alone at your computer, but they are your colleagues.  And of all the many things I’m grateful for in 2009, the support of my fellow writers is the thing I’m grateful for most of all.  You know who you are.  Thank you.

What about you?  What have you learnt in 2009?

This week I’m busy writing the first draft scripts for a Woman’s Hour series I’ve had commissioned and, to get myself into the spirit of things, I decided to have a flick through a book of radio scripts. 

Unfortunately, the only book I had to hand was the original radio scripts for The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy.  Here are some examples of Douglas Adams’ FX descriptions:

“FX: A LOW THROBBING HUM WHICH BUILDS QUICKLY IN INTENSITY AND PITCH. WIND & THUNDER, RENDING, GRINDING CRASHES. ALL THE NIGGLING LITTLE FRUSTRATIONS THAT THE BBC SOUND EFFECTS ENGINEERS HAVE EVER HAD CAN ALL COME OUT IN A FINAL DEVASTATING EXPLOSION WHICH THEN DIES AWAY INTO SILENCE.”

“FX: A WILD FLURRY OF SOUND WHICH QUICKLY DIES AWAY INTO THE BACKGROUND AS THE DIALOGUE BEGINS. SOON AFTERWARDS A SLOW QUIET WASH OF SOUND BUILDS UP BEHIND THE VOICES, PARTLY REFLECTING WHAT THEY SAY THEY CAN SEE AROUND THEM, BUT ALSO WITH MANY RANDOM ELEMENTS WITH AN UNREAL DREAMLIKE QUALITY, NOT UNLIKE PARTS OF REVOLUTION NO. NINE FROM THE BEATLES WHITE ALBUM. ALL THE SOUNDS CHANGE IMPERCEPTIBLY BEFORE IT’S REALLY POSSIBLE TO HEAR EXACTLY WHAT THEY ARE, SO FOR INSTANCE THE SOUND OF THE WASHING OF SEA WAVES COULD ALMOST BE ASTHMATIC BREATHING INSTEAD, AND THE SOUND OF TRAFFIC IN THE STREET COULD ALMOST BE GALLOPING HOOVES BUT ISN’T.”

“FX: SOUND OF DESCENT CONTINUES. ACTUALLY, I SUPPOSE I’D BETTER SAY SOMETHING ABOUT THIS: THE DESCENT NOISE SHOULD REALLY BE ONE OF THOSE CONTINUOUSLY DESCENDING SOUND BANDS WHICH NEVER REALLY GETS ANYWHERE BECAUSE WHILST TONES ARE IMPERCEPTIBLY DROPPING OUT AT THE BOTTOM, SO NEW ONES ARE COMING IN IMPERCEPTIBLY AT THE TOP.”

“FX: THE SLIGHT HUM WHICH THE SPACESHIP HAS HITHERTO BEEN EMANATING BUT WHICH I FORGOT TO MENTION SUDDENLY PICKS UP IN INTENSITY.”

And my personal favourite:

“FX: POP AS OF A WHALE SUDDENLY COMING INTO EXISTENCE SOME MILES ABOVE THE SURFACE OF AN ALIEN PLANET. INCREASING WIND.”

If I handed in my scripts with sound directions like that, I think my producer would probably have a hairy fit.

But then, I’m not Douglas Adams.

What a legend.

Anyway, must get back to it. 

I don’t think my producer would much appreciate what he had to say about deadlines either.

An interesting and passionate debate has developed over at the BBC Writersroom blog following the recent announcement of a change to their terms and conditions regarding unsolicited scripts from overseas.

Several writers living overseas have expressed their frustrations articulately and with great spirit, feeling that the door is being closed to them.  Paul Ashton has answered their comments making an equally persuasive argument as to why the policy change is necessary. 

I know several people who will be effected by this change to the terms and conditions, both British citizens living abroad and European writers keen to work in the British radio and television industry, so I do sympathise with their frustrations.  However, it’s also true to say that the vast majority of writers I know who’ve successfully launched their writing careers, have done so by making contact with producers and script editors directly – and not from being passed along on the basis of an unsolicited script.

For this reason, my opinion has come to be that whilst the service offered by the Writersroom is a valuable and important one, it is an extra, additional avenue for writers to explore, and not the only route in for new writers. 

For those writers who’ve commented on the Writersroom blog expressing their concerns about finding a way into BBC Radio Drama, the breakdown of the Radio 4 commissioning process I wrote up earlier this year contains details of independent production companies who produce radio drama including which slots they are eligible to tender bids for as well as a link to the contact details of various in-house BBC radio drama producers – all of which is publicly available via the Radio 4 website itself.

Since writing that post I know of at least one writer who has used this information to diligently research and approach producers directly and now has several radio drama proposals being considered.  And bloody good on him, I say.

In terms of television and film, there are still many independent production companies who will accept unsolicited scripts, and the same goes for theatre companies if you’re interested in writing for the stage.  Hayley McKenzie has compiled helpful lists in each of these areas providing links to companies who may be willing to read your work, as well as a list of writing competitions which is another great way for writers to get their work read by producers looking for new talent.

Alternatively, as would be required for any British writer attempting to seek work in America, an agent would open doors directly to producers and production companies and if you’re confident that your work is of saleable quality perhaps it’s time to consider making an approach to an agency for representation in the UK.  At the start of the year I posted a Q&A with agents on how writers should go about making contact with agents, and you can also search the Writers and Artists Yearbook for details of agencies and the sorts of writers they represent.

In short, whilst it may be frustrating to feel that a potential route into the BBC has been closed off by this policy change, the Writersroom is just one avenue to explore.  And whether you’re inside the UK or living overseas, pinning all your hopes on squeezing through one small doorway may not be the best approach.

Why not try the side entrance?

To write for a living.

That’s the dream for most writers, isn’t it?

To sit around at home in your pyjamas all day, making stuff up for money.

Just enough money to pay the mortgage and put food in the fridge, you understand. No-one’s asking to retire to the Bahamas and live out their days polishing their BAFTAs and being fanned with palm fronds whilst drinking cocktails through curly straws.

Well, you might be. Personally, I quite like it here in my little house.

We all know that launching a career as a freelance writer is extremely difficult.

But putting aside the issue of being good enough, of learning the craft and developing the required skills to a professional standard, there are practical challenges to be faced that can sometimes be taken for granted.

In the beginning, you need the energy, motivation and discipline to be able to come home from work and sit back down to start work again. Writing scripts, or novels, that no-one’s asked for or even knows about.

Not only that, you need to invest time and energy in learning about the industry, networking, making contacts and persuading people to read the results of your hard work – whilst all the time, working on new ideas, developing new projects and writing new material.

And of course, rather than being paid to do any of these things, you have to be prepared to actually pay money – to travel to networking events and meetings, to subscribe to trade papers or online writer’s sites and, well, the volume of tea and biscuits invariably required per writing session doesn’t come cheap these days.

Christ, you have to really really want to do this job to put in the supreme effort it requires to get anywhere.

I guess that’s why so many writers hate the question “why do you want to be a writer?” Because there is no rhyme or reason to it. I can’t imagine anyone going to the lengths it takes or making the sacrifices required without that weird internal and inexpressible drive to do it.

But you do. You stay up late, sacrifice weekends and time with your friends and family, and sit at your computer until your eyes turn red.

Until, at some point, you’re rewarded. Things start taking off a bit. The ground shifts.

Maybe you get a few low paid commissions. Maybe you get a couple of bits and pieces into development.

Maybe you start having more meetings, pitching more ideas, working them up to go into commissioning rounds.

Then it gets really tough.

Suddenly, there’s so much to do – you could easily fill a 40 hour week with just your writing career – but you still can’t give up your day job because pitches and meetings are rarely paid, and even your commissioned work isn’t going to cover the mortgage.

Bearing in mind payment for writers is generally delivered half on signature of a contract and half on delivery, you might have been working on something for months by the time the contract is negotiated and finalised – and you might work on it for another six months before the final draft is delivered.

Then there are the agent’s fees, VAT on agent’s fees, income tax, national insurance contributions, pension contributions, student loan repayments, all those little things that chip away at what you get to actually keep.

John August said, in his excellent and highly recommended article Money 101 for Screenwriters, “you’re never so broke as when you first start making money”.

Never a truer word was spoken.

Because the fact of the matter is, in that awkward transition period from spec writer to commissioned writer, you may simply not have the time to spend 40 precious hours per week working for someone else.

The pressure is really on now. You’ve been paid to do something and you know you better damn well deliver the goods, on time, and to a high standard, or you might not get paid for anything else.

So what do you do?

Only you can decide. You might be the sole provider for your family. You might have large debts to consider. Your own personal circumstances will inevitably impact on the decision you make.

Maybe you reduce the hours you work at your day job. Maybe you switch jobs to something with more opportunity for shift work or flexi-time. Maybe you go the temping route so that if you need time off for a meeting or a last minute rewrite you can simply call in and say you’re not available. Either way, you’re likely to be earning less than you were in your stable full-time employment.

I’ve personally found freelance script reading work to be an enormous help. Not just because of the obvious opportunity it gives you to read lots of scripts, think about what makes them work, or not, and write endless one page synopses – but because it’s work that you can do outside of office hours as and when you can fit it in (usually late at night). Freelance script reading work meant that I could reduce my day job to three days a week, giving me four days in which to manage the rest of my workload – the reading, the writing and the meetings.

But the amount of time and effort required for a reading job is, in the beginning, fairly extreme in relation to the amount you can earn from it so you might not feel it’s the path for you.

There are other freelancing opportunities out there of course, I know several writers who have paved their way with teaching, journalism, copywriting or web design, for example. But to imagine you can step into this sort of work, which are careers in themselves, is insulting to the people who’ve worked as hard to get a foothold in those industries as you have to get a foothold into the screenwriting industry.

There’s no quick fix to ease the transition during this difficult and crucial time period. A period which might last several years.

Until one day, eventually, finally, your writing income overtakes your income from other sources and becomes the primary way you earn your living. What a feeling! What a happy, glorious day that is!

But even as the champagne cork pops, there’s no resting on any laurels to be had, because what about next year? And the year after that? There are no guarantees. Ever.

Before writing can become the only way you earn your living, you need to make sure you’ll have enough work coming in to keep you afloat for at least a year. And the only way to do that is to keep generating more work for the future.

It means that just when you think you’re working at maximum capacity, you have to find the next gear and make time and space for more. You have to chase every last opportunity like it’s the only one you’ve got, and do everything you can to deliver the best work you can in the time you have available. Because the more boomerangs you chuck out into the wilderness, the more likely it becomes that one will come back to you. And it might be the one you need to take you to that next level.

In the meantime, I guess the only answer, really, is good old fashioned graft. Screwing your courage, and your backside, to the sticking place – and bloody well getting on with it.

This is not a moan or a grumble. It’s a reality check.

As far as I’m concerned, writing is the best job in the world. Even at four in the morning when I’ve been working for eighteen hours straight, I can’t think of anything else I’d rather do. I thank my lucky stars for every single boomerang I catch on its way back.

And of course, the truth is, the more the work starts coming in, the better it gets. The more you enjoy what you’re doing and the less like graft it really feels.

But it’s not the life for everyone. If you’re not prepared to keep pushing yourself, keep moving things up a gear, you’re wasting your time.

This is the path of the freelancer. It’s the path you chose.

Roll up your sleeves.

I seem to be having a lot of conversations about outlines at the moment – by which I mean a one page selling document designed to generate interest in your project from producers.

Some people call them treatments, but to me a treatment is that much lengthier document detailing your story, and generally running to ten percent of your total page count, i.e. a 12 page document for a feature, though it can be anything up to 30 or 40 pages.

Potatoes, potartoes.

Whatever you call them, I’ve been reading a lot of them.  If you’re planning on entering a script into this year’s Red Planet Competition, or gearing up for the next radio commissioning round in spring, you’ll probably be starting to think about writing one of these too, and as the same points keep coming up over and over again, I thought it might be useful to write some of it up here for anyone else who’s interested in how other people go about tackling them.

Obviously, this is just my opinion.  You can do it any way you like.  There isn’t a standard way of writing these things.  There aren’t any Rules.  But based on the notes I’ve received on my own projects, this is how I’ve come to decide is the best way for me to approach it.

Title – Nice Big Bold Letters

A radio sitcom by Michelle Lipton

I like to say what it is right at the top underneath the title so that whoever you’re giving it to knows what they’re reading before they start.  I think it makes a difference to how you think about it as you go through the outline if you know it’s a one-off play, a long-running drama series, a three part serial, a sitcom or what have you.  It especially helps to know whether it’s a comedy or a drama, and if it’s a specific genre, that helps too.

Logline

AN INTERESTING CHARACTER has a GOAL, in the way of which are various OBSTACLES which he overcomes/does not overcome and ultimately LEARNS SOMETHING.

This is a very formulaic approach to writing a logline, but it works.  Telling your story in one sentence is not an easy thing to do well, and it might well take longer to get this right than it does to write the rest of the outline.  But it’s worth it.  It not only narrows your story down to its essence and keeps it clear in your mind what your story is really about, it helps a producer coming to your outline cold so they know what they’re being offered.

Look at it from the producer’s point of view.  You’re busy working on loads of different projects in different stages of development.  You’re honing pitches to take to commissioners, giving notes on drafts of scripts, dealing with casts and budgets and technical or practical problems on projects already in production, you’ve got media, marketing and press to deal with, agents and contracts and legal departments to worry about – and on top of all that, you’ve got a mountain of new material to wade through to decide which projects you want to put into development next.  Some of these will be from agents, some will be from writers you already know or have worked with before, and some will be from writers you’ve never heard of who’ve dropped you a polite email asking if you’d like to look at their outline…

There is every chance that the project you, the writer, is developing and trying to sell, will be too close to another project already commissioned or in development for them to be able to take it any further.  A producer might also have preferences about which genres or types of stories they’re personally interested in.  If they can tell right from the off that this is a project they’re interested in because they’ve read a good logline summing it all up right at the start, they’re going to read the rest of your proposal with a more open mind. 

Synopsis

The main body of the outline.  A few paragraphs that set out your story in more detail with a beginning, a middle and an end. 

A beginning.

A middle.

And an end.

I cannot stress this enough. 

Imagine again that you’re the producer.  No matter how well written and engaging and punchy and pithy the pitch is, if you don’t know what the story is – if it raises more questions than answers – if you can’t get a grasp of WHO the story is about and WHAT happens – you haven’t really got anything.  And you really don’t have time to respond to every individual submission asking for more information or for points to be clarified.

A lot of people seem to think that by leaving off the ending you’re engaging interest and curiosity and the desire to know more.  You’re not.  You’re just not telling your story – and it’s reasonable for the producer to then assume that, actually, you don’t know your story. 

Essentially, you’re trying to sell something. It needs to be a tangible and substantial proposition.   Would you buy something if you didn’t really know what it was?

If it’s a series idea that doesn’t have just one self contained story, you’ll need to give a sense of what the series is about, the characters who populate it, and raise some suggestions for episode storylines.  It just needs to be enough that someone who’s coming to it completely fresh can grasp what it is you’re offering them.

If the idea is a comedy, the writing should be fresh and funny.  If it’s a drama, it should be dramatic.  Sell the emotion, or the comedy or the horror of the story.  Give them a sense of what it will feel like to read the script/watch the film/listen to the radio play.

One final thing to note which is absolutely crucial and is the single, most consistent question that comes up every single time without fail: 

HOW IS THIS RELEVANT TO TODAY?

Whether your story is set in the past, the present or the future, you will be asked this question. 

You might think it’s obvious how your story is relevant to the modern world – it might be set in the modern world – but you still need to say why today’s audience would be interested in this story. 

You might put this information in the body of your synopsis, “In a world not so different from our own, where fear and suspicion rules the streets and the threat of a terrorist attack seems to lurk around every corner…”

Or it might come at the end as you finish off (see below).  Do it however you like, but if you don’t put something in there somewhere that suggests how the story relates to the concerns of today’s world, expect to be asked.

Finishing

I personally like to finish with a more punchy salesy line, going back into pitch mode after the synopsis.  Maybe give a little more detail about the format, maybe its relevance to the modern world, maybe something on the theme.

You might end up with a sentence that goes something along the lines of:

TITLE is a 6×30m sitcom for BBC Radio 4 that takes a satirical look at today’s celebrity culture and asks, just what is so great about being famous? Even for five minutes.

Ok, so none of my examples here are particularly great, but you get the drift.  And this is the point – it takes a lot of fine tuning and careful word selection to make sure that you’re using language as economically as possible to get across the most information possible.

It’s not easy.  There’s a lot to get across in one page - and ideally you want to keep it as short as you can.  But it is achievable.  It takes a long time and a lot of practise to get comfortable with writing them, and if you can get feedback on them before sending them out that will help you gauge how successfully your idea is coming across. 

Whether you decide to approach them the same way I do, or find your own way – mastering these sorts of selling documents will give you a skill that stands you in good stead for your whole career, whichever avenue you choose to go down.

The fantastic Mr Fox (or “John” to his friends) is a theatre writer currently dipping a toe into the world of radio.  Luckily for us, he’s just the generous sort of chap who’d offer to share a few insights, gleaned from a recent meeting with a top-notch radio producer at the BBC.

So for what sort of ideas producers are looking for, how far to develop them before submitting them to the commissioner, and when to go about doing both, take a look at his excellent notes below.

Thanks John!

What producers and commissioners are looking for:

  • Contemporary, event plays that get people talking, story-driven, stand-out drama and comedy drama.
  • Nothing TOO grim for the Afternoon Play slot, although they can do issue-based “serious” stuff.
  • Historical stuff tends to be difficult to get commissioned, and if it is, it tends to be proper historical, i.e. set more than 100 years ago.
  • If it is going to be set in the past it has to have a very definite relevance to now.
  • In fact, ALL ideas have to have a very definite relevance to now.
  • The “hook” of the idea is VERY important – why will someone listen? What elevates the idea and makes it stand out?
  • BBC7 are looking for 30 minute, one off, sci-fi dramas (but they’ve done a lot of spaceship plays, so something a bit “different” would be better).
  • Having said that, if it’s good, they will produce it. It really is that simple.

Some general pointers:

  • It’s best to send producers ideas in January and at the end of the summer as the two commissioning rounds are in March and September.
  • More tends to get commissioned at the first round and the September round fills in the gaps.
  • It’s REALLY worthwhile sending ideas to a producer before you work it all out in detail as they’ll know if an idea has already been done/is about to be done, which saves you a lot of time developing something that will never be commissioned.
  • This is also the reason why the first part of the RAP commissioning system asks for so little detail – if the commissioner already has another similar idea on the go, there’s no point in doing loads of work on the pitch.
  • Unlike TV and film, radio DOES regularly produce completely new writers and writers new to radio (but who may already have had TV or theatre productions).
  • In comparison to TV and film, radio is a fairly quick and painless process, with relatively few re-writes requested and not too many heads giving their opinion.
  • Each department/area (BBC NI, BBC Scotland, BBC North, etc) has a designated number of slots “guaranteed”.  In BBC NI, they tend to submit just above this number in the hope that most of what they are submitting will be accepted.

Finally, and perhaps most importantly:

  • Chocolate buns make first meetings with producers roll along very nicely.

John Fox has staged productions at the Edinburgh Festival, The Gate and The Young Vic.  He currently has a handful of ideas in with a couple of different radio producers so best of luck to him with getting them through the next commissioning round.

If you’re in the mood for more radio goodness, there’s also a great set of articles on Writing for Radio by Martin Smith over at Twelve Point which are well worth a look:

Part One: Writing for Radio – the medium, the message and the method

Part Two: Writing for Radio – what producers really want

Part Three: Writing for Radio – what radio slots want, what works on radio and how to submit

If you’re interested in radio comedy in particular, do make sure you check out Jason Arnopp’s blog post on breaking into radio comedy and making it onto Radio 4’s Recorded For Training Purposes writing team.

Recording For Training Purposes has an open door policy and is currently accepting submissions.  You can read about what they’re looking for and how to submit ideas here on the Writersroom Opportunities Page.  Deadline is 2 October 2009.

That should keep you busy for a while.

I’m off to find myself a chocolate bun.

So you’re developing an idea for a returning TV series. You’ve outlined your premise and you know who your characters are.

The next test, as we all know, is to check the mileage of the idea. Whether it’s got “legs”. Nevermind have you got enough stories to fill series one, what about series seven?

So you sit down to brainstorm some ideas for episode stories and find they come pretty easily.

Great!

No problem, you think. This is a piece of cake.

And off you go to write up your six, or eight, or thirteen sentence outlines for each episode, feeling happy that you’ve tested your idea and found it to be Good.

BUT

You knew there was going to be a but-

What about the serial?

Ok, not all TV series have serial storylines. Some are completely self-contained. But they’re few and far between. Most series have some sort of serialised element running through them. It’s probably even in your original outline.

The office politics. The love interest. The big promotion. The whatever-it-is. 

And it’s just as important to make sure you’ve got enough story beats for your serial stories as you’ve got episodic stories. In fact, maybe even more so.

If your idea is strong, guest stories shouldn’t be a problem. But what are you going to hang them on? And how will they play out in the world you’ve created? How will they impact on the lives of your characters? Will it all fit together?

Plus, each main character will have their own storyline. Their own concerns and problems and challenges to work through across the length of your series. Which guest stories effect which people, and how? Maybe they don’t. Maybe that means you need to change which guest stories you’ve decided to use. Maybe it just means you need to play your episodic storylines in a different order.

And, crucially, how will each of those serial stories work across a whole series?  Will they arc?  Will the characters change? Does the story have enough beats to stretch it across that length of time without becoming repetitive?

Not each serial storyline will necessarily play out in every episode. But at least one of them will. Which one?

It’s not always as easy as it sounds.

But it is definitely something worth bearing in mind when you sit down to write your next series proposal.  Making sure you’ve got a sentence for each episode’s serial as well as the story of the week before deciding you’ve got enough material to create a viable series will save a lot of work further down the line.

Here’s another little snippet of screenwriting advice in this series on screenwriting books from Christopher Vogler’s The Writer’s Journey.  Make of it what you will:

“Act Two is a long stretch for the writer and the audience, up to an hour in an average feature film.  You can look at the three-act structure as a dramatic line stretched across two major points of tension, the act breaks.  Like a circus tent hanging on its poles, structure is subject to gravity – the waning of the audience’s attention in the time between these peaks of tension.  A story that has no central moment of tension may sag like a circus tent that needs an extra support pole in the middle.  Act Two is an hour-long chunk of your movie, or a hundred pages of your novel.  It needs some kind of structure to hold it in tension.”

“The words crisis, critic, and critical come from a Greek word that means “to separate”.  A crisis is an event that separates the two halves of the story.  After crossing this zone, which is often the borderland of [literal or metaphorical] death, the hero is literally or metaphorically reborn and nothing will ever be the same.”

“The simple secret of the [crisis] is this: Hereoes must die so that they can be reborn … In some way in every story, heroes face death or someting like it: their greatest fears, the failure of an enterprise, the end of a relationship, the death of an old personality.”

“Here the fortunes of the hero hit bottom in a direct confrontation with his greatest fear … The [crisis] is a black moment for the audience, as we are held in suspense and tension, not knowing if he will live or die … Our emotions are temporarily depressed so that they can be revived … The result of this is a feeling of elation and exhilaration.”

“Why do so many stories seem to have two climaxes or death-and-rebirth ordeals, one near the middle and another just before the of the story?”

The hero comes through the first ordeal, the “crisis”, committed to change.  The second ordeal, the “climax”, tests whether he has sincerely changed and what he has learnt from his experiences.  The climax is often the final, decisive confrontation with the villain, and the danger is usually on the broadest scale of the entire story when the stakes at their highest.